Analysis of School Climate in the Unesa School Lab
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32678/tarbawi.v9i01.7051
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Keywords:
Management, School Climate, Lab School, Supporting LearningAbstract
This study aims to analyze the school climate in the Unesa Lab School environment. This study uses a descriptive quantitative approach. This research took place in nine schools, including two kindergartens, two elementary schools, three junior high schools, one high school, and one vocational school. The study results show that the overall school climate in the Unesa Lab environment is excellent, evidenced by the average gain of 4.19. However, suppose one looks at them one by one. In that case, two schools are in the excellent category: Unesa Lab School Kindergarten 1 and Unesa Lab School Elementary School 1. Of all the indicators that tend to get low scores compared to the others are (1) the happy atmosphere of the students is not maximized, and there are still doubts in doing the assignment; (2) there is secrecy in providing information, so mutual suspicion still appears; (3) the synergy between school principals and teachers, between teachers, and teachers and students in the teaching and learning process is not maximized; (4) the teaching and learning facilities provided are not by their purpose; and (5) the assistance given has not been maximized for any difficulties that arise as a result of assignments imposed on students.
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References
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Aldridge, J. M., & McChesney, K. (2018). The relationships between school climate and adolescent mental health and wellbeing: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Educational Research, 88, 121–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2018.01.012
Almahdi, A., & Abdurrahman, A. (2022). The conflict management strategies in improving madrasah organizational culture: A case study. Tarbawi: Jurnal Keilmuan Manajemen Pendidikan, 8(01), 69-78. https://doi.org/10.32678/tarbawi.v8i01.5706
Amin, M. A., & Chakraborty, A. (2022). Impact of physical factors of workplace environment on workers performance in industry. Journal of Engineering Science, 12(3), 57–66. https://doi.org/10.3329/jes.v12i3.57479
Bai, N. (2014). The relationship between school organizational climate and physical education teachers’ burnout (Case study: Ramian-Iran). European Journal of Experimental Biology, 4(1), 3.
Beno, M. (2020). Four factors that will shape the future of work. Journal on Advances in Theoretical and Applied Informatics, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.26729/jadi.v5i1.3114
Bravo-Sanzana, M., Miranda-Zapata, E., & Miranda, H. (2020). Psychometric analysis of a school social climate scale: input elements for the investigation and promotion of well-being. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 605326. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.605326
Chinelo, O. D., & Ogbah, R. (2013). The school climate: Challenges facing principals in secondary schools in Delta State of Nigeria. Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies, 4(1), 53–63. https://doi.org/10.10520/EJC132409
Chirkina, T. A., & Khavenson, T. E. (2018). School climate: a history of the concept and approaches to defining and measuring it on PISA questionnaires. Russian Education & Society, 60(2), 133–160. https://doi.org/10.1080/10609393.2018.1451189
Christopher, H. G. (2019). Hubungan iklim sekolah dengan kecerdasan emosional siswa. Jurnal Review Pendidikan Dan Pengajaran, 2(1), 215–220. https://doi.org/10.31004/jrpp.v2i1.643
Darling-Hammond, L., & Cook-Harvey, C. M. (2018). Educating the whole child: improving school climate to support student success. In Learning Policy Institute. Learning Policy Institute. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED606462
Dorina, R. (2013). School climate as an important component in school effectiveness. Academicus International Scientific Journal, 8, 110–125. https://doi.org/10.7336/academicus.2013.08.06
Ebbert, A. M., & Luthar, S. S. (2021). Influential domains of school climate fostering resilience in high achieving schools. International Journal of School & Educational Psychology, 9(4), 305–317. https://doi.org/10.1080/21683603.2021.1898501
Ere, R. L., & Blegur, I. K. S. (2021). Evaluasi pelaksanaan survei lingkungan belajar. Fraktal: Jurnal Matematika Dan Pendidikan Matematika, 2(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.35508/fractal.v2i2.5678
Erfina, E., Jamaluddin, W., Patimah, S., & Thahir, A. (2020). Climate Madrasah Tsanawiyah in Bandar Lampung (Analysis on security aspects). Proceedings of The International Conference on Environmental and Technology of Law, Business and Education on Post Covid 19, ICETLAWBE 2020, 26 September 2020, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia. Proceedings of The International Conference on Environmental and Technology of Law, Business and Education on Post Covid 19, ICETLAWBE 2020, 26 September 2020, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.26-9-2020.2302751
Farhurohman, O. (2018). Kepemimpinan dalam mutu pendidikan di sekolah. Tarbawi: Jurnal Keilmuan Manajemen Pendidikan, 4(01), Article 01. https://doi.org/10.32678/tarbawi.v4i01.1770
Fateye, T. B., Odunfa, V. O., Ibisola, A. S., & Ibuoye, A. A. (2021). Basic residential neighborhood infrastructure financing in Nigeria urban cities: Community development associations (CDAs)-based approach. Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development, 5(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v5i1.1242
Fitria, Y. (2019). Perilaku menyontek: Persepsi terhadap iklim sekolah dengan ketidakjujuran akademik. Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi Terapan, 7(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.22219/jipt.v7i1.7833
Forsberg, C., Chiriac, E. H., & Thornberg, R. (2021). Exploring pupils’ perspectives on school climate. Educational Research, 63(4), 379–395. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131881.2021.1956988
Glover, D., & Coleman, M. (2005). School culture, climate and ethos: Interchangeable or distinctive concepts? Journal of In-Service Education, 31(2), 251–272. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674580500200359
Howard, E., & Others, A. (1987). Handbook for conducting school climate improvement projects. Publication Sales, Phi Delta Kappa, Eighth and Union, Box 789, Bloomington, IN 47402 ($3. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED290211
Hu, B. Y., Li, Y., Wang, C., Reynolds, B. L., & Wang, S. (2019). The relation between school climate and preschool teacher stress: The mediating role of teachers’ self-efficacy. Journal of Educational Administration, 57(6), 748–767. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-08-2018-0146
Jia, Y., Konold, T. R., & Cornell, D. (2016). Authoritative school climate and high school dropout rates. School Psychology Quarterly, 31(2), 289–303. https://doi.org/10.1037/spq0000139
Kamarulzaman, N., Saleh, A. A., Hashim, S. Z., Hashim, H., & Abdul-Ghani, A. A. (2011). An overview of the influence of physical office environments towards employee. Procedia Engineering, 20, 262–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.11.164
Konishi, C., Hymel, S., Wong, T. K. Y., & Waterhouse, T. (2021). School climate and bystander responses to bullying. Psychology in the Schools, 58(8), 1557–1574. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22512
Kotok, S., Ikoma, S., & Bodovski, K. (2016). School climate and dropping out of school in the era of accountability. American Journal of Education, 122(4), 569–599. https://doi.org/10.1086/687275
Kutsyuruba, B., Klinger, D., & Hussain, A. (2015). Relationships among school climate, school safety, and student achievement and well-being: A review of the literature. Review of Education, 3, 103–135. https://doi.org/10.1002/rev3.3043
MacNeil, A. J., Prater, D. L., & Busch, S. (2009). The effects of school culture and climate on student achievement. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 12(1), 73–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603120701576241
Manla, V. H. (2021). School climate: Its impact on teachers’ commitment and school performance. Journal of World Englishes and Educational Practices, 3(2), 21–35. https://doi.org/10.32996/jweep.2021.3.2.3
Maxwell, S., Reynolds, K. J., Lee, E., Subasic, E., & Bromhead, D. (2017). The impact of school climate and school identification on academic achievement: multilevel modeling with student and teacher data. Frontiers in Psychology, 8. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02069
Mousena, E., & Raptis, N. (2021). Beyond teaching: school climate and communication in the educational context. In S. Waller, L. Waller, V. Mpofu, & M. Kurebwa (Eds.), Education at the Intersection of Globalization and Technology. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93575
Ojukwu, M. O. (2017). Effect of insecurity of school environment on the academic performance of secondary school students in Imo state. International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies, 5(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.5n.1p.20
Oselumese, I. B. (2016). Environmental influence on students’ academic performance in secondary school. International Journal of Fundamental Psychology and Social Sciences, 6(1), 10–14. https://doi.org/10.14331/ijfpss.2016.330058
Rokhim, D. A., Rahayu, B. N., Alfiah, L. N., Peni, R., Wahyudi, B., Wahyudi, A., Sutomo, S., & Widarti, H. R. (2021). Analisis kesiapan peserta didik dan guru pada asesmen nasional (asesmen kompetensi minimum, survey karakter, dan survey lingkungan belajar. Jurnal Administrasi Dan Manajemen Pendidikan, 4(1), 61. https://doi.org/10.17977/um027v4i12021p61
Ryberg, R., Her, S., Temkin, D., Madill, R., Kelley, C., Thompson, J., & Gabriel, A. (2020). Measuring school climate: validating the education department school climate survey in a sample of urban middle and high school students. AERA Open, 6(3), 233285842094802. https://doi.org/10.1177/2332858420948024
Samdal, O., Nutbeam, D., Wold, B., & Kannas, L. (1998). Achieving health and educational goals through schools—A study of the importance of the school climate and the students’ satisfaction with school. Health Education Research, 13(3), 383–397. https://doi.org/10.1093/her/13.3.383
Schneider, S. H., & Duran, L. (2010). School Climate in Middle Schools: A Cultural Perspective. Journal of Research in Character Education, 8(2), 25–37.
Sherblom, S. A., Marshall, J. C., & Sherblom, J. C. (2006). The relationship between school climate and math and reading achievement. Journal of Research in Character Education, 4(1–2), 19–32.
Silviani, A., Rahman, A., & Asy’ari, H. (2022). The principal’s strategy for improving the professionalism of public madrasah aliyah school teachers. Tarbawi: Jurnal Keilmuan Manajemen Pendidikan, 8(02), 233–244. https://doi.org/10.32678/tarbawi.v8i02.6743
Smith, P. A., Escobedo, P., & Kearney, W. S. (2020). Principal influence: a catalyst for positive school climate. International Journal of Education Policy and Leadership, 16(5). https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1252034
Stronge, J. H., & Xu, X. (2021). Qualities of Effective Principals. ASCD.
Suleman, Q., Aslam, H. D., & Hussain, Dr. I. (2014). Effects of classroom physical environment on the academic achievement scores of secondary school students in Kohat Division, Pakistan. International Journal of Learning and Development, 4(1), 71. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijld.v4i1.5174
Thapa, A., Cohen, J., Guffey, S., & Higgins-D’Alessandro, A. (2013). A review of school climate research. Review of Educational Research, 83(3), 357–385. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654313483907
Usman, Y. D., & Madudili, C. G. (2019). Evaluation of the effect of learning environment on students’ academic performance in Nigeria. In Online Submission. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED602097
VanLone, J., Freeman, J., LaSalle, T., Gordon, L., Polk, T., & Rocha Neves, J. (2019). A practical guide to improving school climate in high schools. Intervention in School and Clinic, 55(1), 39–45. https://doi.org/10.1177/1053451219832988
Werang, B. R., & Agung, A. A. G. (2017). The effect of principals’ transformational leadership and teacher socioeconomic status on school organizational climate in the elementary schools of Boven Digoel District, Papua, Indonesia. European Journal of Education Studies, 3(7), Article 0. https://doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v0i0.810
Widyaningrum, K. N., & Mahmudah, F. N. (2019). Kreasi iklim sekolah melalui gerakan sekolah menyenangkan di SD Muhamammadiyah Mantaran. Profesi Pendidikan Dasar, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.23917/ppd.v1i2.9259
Wiranto, E., Kristiawan, M., & Fitriani, Y. (2021). Learning atmosphere during the covid-19 pandemic. Edunesia : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 2(2), 387–399. https://doi.org/10.51276/edu.v2i2.133
Aldridge, J. M., & McChesney, K. (2018). The relationships between school climate and adolescent mental health and wellbeing: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Educational Research, 88, 121–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2018.01.012
Almahdi, A., & Abdurrahman, A. (2022). The conflict management strategies in improving madrasah organizational culture: A case study. Tarbawi: Jurnal Keilmuan Manajemen Pendidikan, 8(01), 69-78. https://doi.org/10.32678/tarbawi.v8i01.5706
Amin, M. A., & Chakraborty, A. (2022). Impact of physical factors of workplace environment on workers performance in industry. Journal of Engineering Science, 12(3), 57–66. https://doi.org/10.3329/jes.v12i3.57479
Bai, N. (2014). The relationship between school organizational climate and physical education teachers’ burnout (Case study: Ramian-Iran). European Journal of Experimental Biology, 4(1), 3.
Beno, M. (2020). Four factors that will shape the future of work. Journal on Advances in Theoretical and Applied Informatics, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.26729/jadi.v5i1.3114
Bravo-Sanzana, M., Miranda-Zapata, E., & Miranda, H. (2020). Psychometric analysis of a school social climate scale: input elements for the investigation and promotion of well-being. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 605326. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.605326
Chinelo, O. D., & Ogbah, R. (2013). The school climate: Challenges facing principals in secondary schools in Delta State of Nigeria. Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies, 4(1), 53–63. https://doi.org/10.10520/EJC132409
Chirkina, T. A., & Khavenson, T. E. (2018). School climate: a history of the concept and approaches to defining and measuring it on PISA questionnaires. Russian Education & Society, 60(2), 133–160. https://doi.org/10.1080/10609393.2018.1451189
Christopher, H. G. (2019). Hubungan iklim sekolah dengan kecerdasan emosional siswa. Jurnal Review Pendidikan Dan Pengajaran, 2(1), 215–220. https://doi.org/10.31004/jrpp.v2i1.643
Darling-Hammond, L., & Cook-Harvey, C. M. (2018). Educating the whole child: improving school climate to support student success. In Learning Policy Institute. Learning Policy Institute. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED606462
Dorina, R. (2013). School climate as an important component in school effectiveness. Academicus International Scientific Journal, 8, 110–125. https://doi.org/10.7336/academicus.2013.08.06
Ebbert, A. M., & Luthar, S. S. (2021). Influential domains of school climate fostering resilience in high achieving schools. International Journal of School & Educational Psychology, 9(4), 305–317. https://doi.org/10.1080/21683603.2021.1898501
Ere, R. L., & Blegur, I. K. S. (2021). Evaluasi pelaksanaan survei lingkungan belajar. Fraktal: Jurnal Matematika Dan Pendidikan Matematika, 2(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.35508/fractal.v2i2.5678
Erfina, E., Jamaluddin, W., Patimah, S., & Thahir, A. (2020). Climate Madrasah Tsanawiyah in Bandar Lampung (Analysis on security aspects). Proceedings of The International Conference on Environmental and Technology of Law, Business and Education on Post Covid 19, ICETLAWBE 2020, 26 September 2020, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia. Proceedings of The International Conference on Environmental and Technology of Law, Business and Education on Post Covid 19, ICETLAWBE 2020, 26 September 2020, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.26-9-2020.2302751
Farhurohman, O. (2018). Kepemimpinan dalam mutu pendidikan di sekolah. Tarbawi: Jurnal Keilmuan Manajemen Pendidikan, 4(01), Article 01. https://doi.org/10.32678/tarbawi.v4i01.1770
Fateye, T. B., Odunfa, V. O., Ibisola, A. S., & Ibuoye, A. A. (2021). Basic residential neighborhood infrastructure financing in Nigeria urban cities: Community development associations (CDAs)-based approach. Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development, 5(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v5i1.1242
Fitria, Y. (2019). Perilaku menyontek: Persepsi terhadap iklim sekolah dengan ketidakjujuran akademik. Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi Terapan, 7(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.22219/jipt.v7i1.7833
Forsberg, C., Chiriac, E. H., & Thornberg, R. (2021). Exploring pupils’ perspectives on school climate. Educational Research, 63(4), 379–395. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131881.2021.1956988
Glover, D., & Coleman, M. (2005). School culture, climate and ethos: Interchangeable or distinctive concepts? Journal of In-Service Education, 31(2), 251–272. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674580500200359
Howard, E., & Others, A. (1987). Handbook for conducting school climate improvement projects. Publication Sales, Phi Delta Kappa, Eighth and Union, Box 789, Bloomington, IN 47402 ($3. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED290211
Hu, B. Y., Li, Y., Wang, C., Reynolds, B. L., & Wang, S. (2019). The relation between school climate and preschool teacher stress: The mediating role of teachers’ self-efficacy. Journal of Educational Administration, 57(6), 748–767. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-08-2018-0146
Jia, Y., Konold, T. R., & Cornell, D. (2016). Authoritative school climate and high school dropout rates. School Psychology Quarterly, 31(2), 289–303. https://doi.org/10.1037/spq0000139
Kamarulzaman, N., Saleh, A. A., Hashim, S. Z., Hashim, H., & Abdul-Ghani, A. A. (2011). An overview of the influence of physical office environments towards employee. Procedia Engineering, 20, 262–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.11.164
Konishi, C., Hymel, S., Wong, T. K. Y., & Waterhouse, T. (2021). School climate and bystander responses to bullying. Psychology in the Schools, 58(8), 1557–1574. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22512
Kotok, S., Ikoma, S., & Bodovski, K. (2016). School climate and dropping out of school in the era of accountability. American Journal of Education, 122(4), 569–599. https://doi.org/10.1086/687275
Kutsyuruba, B., Klinger, D., & Hussain, A. (2015). Relationships among school climate, school safety, and student achievement and well-being: A review of the literature. Review of Education, 3, 103–135. https://doi.org/10.1002/rev3.3043
MacNeil, A. J., Prater, D. L., & Busch, S. (2009). The effects of school culture and climate on student achievement. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 12(1), 73–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603120701576241
Manla, V. H. (2021). School climate: Its impact on teachers’ commitment and school performance. Journal of World Englishes and Educational Practices, 3(2), 21–35. https://doi.org/10.32996/jweep.2021.3.2.3
Maxwell, S., Reynolds, K. J., Lee, E., Subasic, E., & Bromhead, D. (2017). The impact of school climate and school identification on academic achievement: multilevel modeling with student and teacher data. Frontiers in Psychology, 8. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02069
Mousena, E., & Raptis, N. (2021). Beyond teaching: school climate and communication in the educational context. In S. Waller, L. Waller, V. Mpofu, & M. Kurebwa (Eds.), Education at the Intersection of Globalization and Technology. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93575
Ojukwu, M. O. (2017). Effect of insecurity of school environment on the academic performance of secondary school students in Imo state. International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies, 5(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.5n.1p.20
Oselumese, I. B. (2016). Environmental influence on students’ academic performance in secondary school. International Journal of Fundamental Psychology and Social Sciences, 6(1), 10–14. https://doi.org/10.14331/ijfpss.2016.330058
Rokhim, D. A., Rahayu, B. N., Alfiah, L. N., Peni, R., Wahyudi, B., Wahyudi, A., Sutomo, S., & Widarti, H. R. (2021). Analisis kesiapan peserta didik dan guru pada asesmen nasional (asesmen kompetensi minimum, survey karakter, dan survey lingkungan belajar. Jurnal Administrasi Dan Manajemen Pendidikan, 4(1), 61. https://doi.org/10.17977/um027v4i12021p61
Ryberg, R., Her, S., Temkin, D., Madill, R., Kelley, C., Thompson, J., & Gabriel, A. (2020). Measuring school climate: validating the education department school climate survey in a sample of urban middle and high school students. AERA Open, 6(3), 233285842094802. https://doi.org/10.1177/2332858420948024
Samdal, O., Nutbeam, D., Wold, B., & Kannas, L. (1998). Achieving health and educational goals through schools—A study of the importance of the school climate and the students’ satisfaction with school. Health Education Research, 13(3), 383–397. https://doi.org/10.1093/her/13.3.383
Schneider, S. H., & Duran, L. (2010). School Climate in Middle Schools: A Cultural Perspective. Journal of Research in Character Education, 8(2), 25–37.
Sherblom, S. A., Marshall, J. C., & Sherblom, J. C. (2006). The relationship between school climate and math and reading achievement. Journal of Research in Character Education, 4(1–2), 19–32.
Silviani, A., Rahman, A., & Asy’ari, H. (2022). The principal’s strategy for improving the professionalism of public madrasah aliyah school teachers. Tarbawi: Jurnal Keilmuan Manajemen Pendidikan, 8(02), 233–244. https://doi.org/10.32678/tarbawi.v8i02.6743
Smith, P. A., Escobedo, P., & Kearney, W. S. (2020). Principal influence: a catalyst for positive school climate. International Journal of Education Policy and Leadership, 16(5). https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1252034
Stronge, J. H., & Xu, X. (2021). Qualities of Effective Principals. ASCD.
Suleman, Q., Aslam, H. D., & Hussain, Dr. I. (2014). Effects of classroom physical environment on the academic achievement scores of secondary school students in Kohat Division, Pakistan. International Journal of Learning and Development, 4(1), 71. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijld.v4i1.5174
Thapa, A., Cohen, J., Guffey, S., & Higgins-D’Alessandro, A. (2013). A review of school climate research. Review of Educational Research, 83(3), 357–385. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654313483907
Usman, Y. D., & Madudili, C. G. (2019). Evaluation of the effect of learning environment on students’ academic performance in Nigeria. In Online Submission. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED602097
VanLone, J., Freeman, J., LaSalle, T., Gordon, L., Polk, T., & Rocha Neves, J. (2019). A practical guide to improving school climate in high schools. Intervention in School and Clinic, 55(1), 39–45. https://doi.org/10.1177/1053451219832988
Werang, B. R., & Agung, A. A. G. (2017). The effect of principals’ transformational leadership and teacher socioeconomic status on school organizational climate in the elementary schools of Boven Digoel District, Papua, Indonesia. European Journal of Education Studies, 3(7), Article 0. https://doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v0i0.810
Widyaningrum, K. N., & Mahmudah, F. N. (2019). Kreasi iklim sekolah melalui gerakan sekolah menyenangkan di SD Muhamammadiyah Mantaran. Profesi Pendidikan Dasar, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.23917/ppd.v1i2.9259
Wiranto, E., Kristiawan, M., & Fitriani, Y. (2021). Learning atmosphere during the covid-19 pandemic. Edunesia : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 2(2), 387–399. https://doi.org/10.51276/edu.v2i2.133
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2023-05-15
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Roesminingsih, M. ., Nusantara, W., Prismana, I. P. E., & Widyaswari, M. (2023). Analysis of School Climate in the Unesa School Lab. Tarbawi: Jurnal Keilmuan Manajemen Pendidikan, 9(01), 17–26. https://doi.org/10.32678/tarbawi.v9i01.7051
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Copyright (c) 2023 MV. Roesminingsih, Widya Nusantara, IGL Putra Eka Prismana, Monica Widyaswari
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